PhD Study Curriculum for the Department of Electrical Engineering Techniques
Engineering Technical College – Mosul
Northern Technical University

Proposed Courses and Their Scientific Contents:
First Semester (12 Credit Units)

الفصل الدراسي الثاني )  12 وحده(

Elective Topics:

ملاحظة الرسالة 36 وحدة عدد الوحدات الكلي 60 وحدة

Modern Power System Analysis

Detailed Descriptions Advanced Power Flow Methods: Newton-Raphson, Fast Decoupled, and Probabilistic Load Flow. Focuses on numerical methods for solving complex power flow problems in modern grids, including Newton-Raphson for precise convergence, Fast Decoupled Load Flow for computational efficiency, and probabilistic load flow considering uncertainties in loads and renewable generation. Students learn iterative solution techniques, Jacobian matrix formulation, and handling ill-conditioned networks.

Unbalanced and Stochastic Load Flow with Renewable Integration covers the modeling of three-phase unbalanced systems and stochastic variations from wind, solar, and variable loads. Emphasis on scenario generation, Monte Carlo simulations, and evaluation of voltage profiles, currents, and system losses under uncertainties.

Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Fault Analysis: Causes, Modelling, and Impact on Stability. Examination of three-phase, line-to-ground, line-to-line, and double line-to- ground faults, including mathematical modeling, fault current calculation, protective relay coordination, and system stability impact.

State Estimation in Modern Grids: WLS, Robust Methods, and AI-enhanced Estimation. Weighted Least Squares (WLS), robust estimation, and AI-based techniques are studied for accurate system state monitoring under measurement errors and bad data. Integration with SCADA and PMUs is also covered.

Stability Analysis: Small-signal, Transient, and Voltage Stability in Smart Grids. Small-signal, transient, and voltage stability are analyzed in modern grids with high renewable penetration. Topics include eigenvalue analysis, Lyapunov methods, and voltage collapse assessment.

HVDC Transmission Systems: Line-Commutated Converter

LCC, VSC, MMC Technologies, and AC/DC Interactions cover Line-Commutated Converter (LCC), Voltage Source Converter (VSC), and Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) technologies, as well as AC/DC interaction, control, protection, and offshore/long-distance applications.

Cyber-Physical System Modelling: Integration of Information and Communication Technology ICT, Wide Area Measurement System WAMS, and Cybersecurity Integration of ICT, WAMS, and cybersecurity considerations. Students study real-time monitoring, cyber-physical interactions, and resilience strategies for smart grids.

Time-domain Dynamic Simulation of Power Systems with Renewable Penetration. Numerical simulation using Runge-Kutta and other methods for generator dynamics, voltage, and frequency behavior, considering renewable integration and disturbances.

References

• Modern Power System Analysis Kundur, , Power System Stability and Control, McGraw- Hill, 2022 (Updated Edition), ISBN 978-1-266-91225-0.
• Milano, , Power System Modelling and Scripting, Springer, 2021, ISBN 978-3-030- 79810-0.
• Van Cutsem, T., & Vournas, C., Voltage Stability of Electric Power Systems, Springer, 2020, ISBN 978-0-387-98797-4.

Advanced Underground Transmission Lines

Detailed Topic Title

Detailed Descriptions Comparison of Underground and Overhead Transmission Analysis of advantages and disadvantages, including electrical, thermal, mechanical, environmental, and reliability factors.

Cable Electrical, Thermal, and Mechanical Characteristics Study of conductors, insulation, ampacity, thermal limits, and mechanical strength.

Cross-Linked Polyethylene XLPE and Superconducting Cable Technologies: Design, materials, insulation, and applications of advanced XLPE and superconducting cables for high-capacity transmission.

Heat Dissipation and Advanced Cooling Systems: Thermal modelling, heat transfer, and cooling solutions to maintain safe operation under high load.

Fault Detection, Localization, and Protection in Underground Networks. Techniques include partial discharge monitoring, traveling wave methods, and protective relay coordination.

Real-time Monitoring: DTS, DFOS, and Sensor Networks Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS), Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors (DFOS), and sensor networks for preventive maintenance.

Reliability and Resilience under Climate Stress: Performance assessment under extreme weather, mitigation strategies, and design for resilience.

Cyber-Physical Security for Underground Grids: Integration of communication, control, and cybersecurity measures for operational safety.

References:

• Advanced Underground Transmission Grid Anders, G. J., Rating of Electric Power Cables: Ampacity Computations for Transmission, Distribution, and Industrial Applications, IEEE Press–Wiley, 2021, ISBN 978-1-119-89620-3.
• Haddad, A., & Warne, D., Advances in High Voltage Engineering, IET Press, 2020, ISBN 978-1-84919-219-6.
• Boggs, S. A., High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Power Transmission Systems: Technology Review Paper Collection, Elsevier, 2023, ISBN 978-0-323-99057-3.

Advanced Power Converters

Course Description

This course explores cutting-edge topologies, modeling techniques, control strategies, and applications of modern power converters beyond classical buck, boost, and inverter circuits. Topics include resonant converters, multilevel and modular architectures, WBG-based high- frequency designs, impedance-based stability analysis, and converters for renewable energy, EVs, data centers, and HVDC systems. Emphasis is placed on original research, critical analysis of literature, and preparation for dissertation work.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this course, students will be able to:

1. Analyze and design high-efficiency, high-power-density converters using advanced
2. Model converters in time, frequency, and state-space domains for stability and
3. Integrate SiC/GaN devices into converter design while managing switching dynamics and
4. Apply modern control and modulation techniques (e.g., adaptive, predictive, digital).
5. Evaluate converter performance in emerging applications (e.g., solid-state transformers, wireless power, microgrids).
6. Conduct independent research through simulation, hardware prototyping, and scholarly

Weekly Schedule (15 Weeks)

Week 1: Thyristor Commutation Circuits

• Natural Commutation
• Forced Commutation

Week 2-3: Resonant Converters – LLC and Beyond

• Zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-current switching (ZCS) principles
• Fundamental harmonic approximation (FHA) for LLC analysis
• Gain characteristics, tank design, and load-dependent behavior
• Zero-Voltage-Transition (ZVT) and Zero-Current-Transition (ZCT) PWM converters;
• Active-Clamp Converters;
• Analysis of auxiliary circuit design and trade-
• Assignment: Design an LLC converter for 400V→12V, 1kW server supply
• Simulation: Compare hard-switched ZVS boost converter losses
• Reading: Ruan et , “Soft-Switching Techniques” (IEEE TIE, 2003)
• Reading: Liu et , “LLC Resonant Converter Design” (IEEE TPEL, 2010)

Week 4: Multilevel Converters – Topologies & Modulation

• Diode-clamped, flying-capacitor, cascaded H-bridge (CHB)
• Nearest-level modulation (NLM) phase-shifted PWM
• DC-link balancing and capacitor voltage control
• Assignment: Simulate 5-level CHB inverter for grid-tied PV
• Reading: Rodriguez et , “Multilevel Inverters: A Survey” (IEEE TIE, 2002)

Week 5: Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC)

• Submodule topologies (half-bridge, full-bridge, hybrid)
• Circulating current suppression and capacitor voltage balancing
• Applications in HVDC and offshore wind
• Case Study: MMC for ±320 kV HVDC link
• Reading: Marquardt, “Modular Multilevel Converter” (PCIM, 2010)

Week 6-7: Advanced Modulation Strategies

• Discontinuous PWM (DPWM) for loss reduction
• Space Vector Modulation (SVM) for multi-level converters
• Optimal PWM and Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE).
• Assignment: Implement digital voltage-mode control on TI C2000 (via simulation)
• Reading: Maksimović et , “Digital Control of Switching Converters” (IEEE TPEL, 2004)

Week 8: DC-DC converters

• Isolated DC-DC converters
• Non-Isolation DC-DC Converters

Week 9: Matrix & AC Voltage Converters

• Performance of AC Voltage regulators
• Direct AC-AC matrix converters and sparse matrix variants
• Reading: She et , “Solid-State Transformer Overview” (IEEE TPEL, 2013)

Week10: Midterm Exam

Week 11-12: Multiphase Converters

• 6-pulse, 12-pulse, 18-pulse, and 24-pulse converters
• 3-phase, 5-phase, and 7-phase converters

Week 13-15: Research Frontiers & Final Project Presentations

• Student presentations of semester-long research projects
• Panel discussion: “Next Decade of Power Conversion”
• Course synthesis and dissertation alignment
• Deliverable: Final report (8–12 pages) + 15-minute presentation

Assessment

• Weekly problem sets & literature critiques: 20%
• Midterm exam (take-home, design-focused): 20%
• Research project (simulation/hardware + report): 40%
• Class participation & paper discussions: 20%

Required Texts & References Core Textbooks:

1. “Fundamentals of Power Electronics” – Erickson & Maksimović (3rd )
2. “Advanced Power Electronics Converters” – Euzeli dos Santos & Edison da Silva
3. “Pulsewidth Modulated DC-DC Power Converters” – Marian Kazimierczuk

Key Journals:

• IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
• IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics (JESTPE)
• IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
• CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications

Conferences:

• IEEE APEC, ECCE, PCIM, IECON

Microprocessor and Embedded Systems

Table of Contents. Detailed Topic Title

Course Objectives

• Understand architecture hardware, software instruction set, and operation of microprocessors and microcontrollers
• Learn assembly language programming and interfacing techniques
• Design and implement embedded systems combining hardware and software
• Work with I/O devices, sensors, actuators, communication protocols

• Build lab projects to consolidate theory with practice
• Dive deeper into high‐performance microprocessors and microcontrollers
• Study modern architectures (superscalar, out‐of‐order, multicore)
• Explore advanced embedded systems design: real‐time constraints, power and performance trade‐offs, security, mixed hardware/software systems
• Gain hands‐on experience with complex embedded hardware/software combinations

References:

• Making Embedded Systems – Elecia White – 2024

• Introduction to Embedded Systems Using the MSPM, Jonathan Valvano, 2025

3. Embedded Systems Design using the MSP430FR2355, BJ LaMeres, 2024

Smart Sensors and Instrumentation course

Course Description

This course focuses on the principles, design, and applications of smart sensors and modern instrumentation systems. It introduces sensor technologies, signal conditioning, data acquisition, and intelligent interfacing methods used in industrial, biomedical, and embedded systems. Students learn how to design, analyze, and implement smart measurement systems that integrate sensing, processing, and communication functions. The course emphasizes digital and networked instrumentation, self-calibration, and microcontroller-based sensor systems.

Course Objectives

1. To develop an in-depth understanding of modern sensor technologies, architectures, and their integration into intelligent systems.
2. To explore the design, fabrication, calibration, and characterization of advanced and smart

3. To investigate current research trends including IoT-based sensing, MEMS/NEMS devices, and AI- enabled instrumentation.
4. To prepare students for independent research and innovation in smart sensing systems and industrial applications.

References:

1. Smart Sensors Measurement and Instrumentation: Select Proceedings of CISCON 2021, Shreesha Chokkadi, Springer ,2023

2. Advancements in IoT Sensors and Security: Harnessing AI/ML for Secured IoT Sensor Data, Biswajeet Pradhan ،Shilpa Bade-Gite ،Subhas Mukhopadhyay, Springer, 2025

3. IoT Sensors, ML, AI and XAI: Empowering A Smarter World, Biswajeet Pradhan ،Subhas, Mukhopadhyay, Springer, 2024

English Language

Course Title: Linguistic Mastery for Doctoral Success: Precision, Fluency, and Cultural Competence

Prerequisites:

• Admission to a PhD program (non-native English speaker).
• CEFR C1 (Advanced) proficiency or equivalent (TOEFL 95+, IELTS 0+).
• Concurrent enrollment in doctoral research (to apply language skills to real academic contexts).

Course Philosophy

This course treats academic English as a high-stakes linguistic toolkit for doctoral success. It moves beyond basic fluency to cultivate:

• Precision in complex expression (written/oral).
• Nuanced understanding of academic culture (pragmatics, discourse norms).
• Confidence in high-pressure communication (conferences, collaborations, defenses).
• Critical awareness of linguistic bias in

Core Objectives:

1. Master subtle grammatical/lexical distinctions in scholarly writing/speaking.
2. Develop native-like fluency in academic discussions and
3. Decode implicit cultural norms in English-speaking
4. Refine pronunciation, intonation, and rhetorical delivery for maximum
5. Build strategies for lifelong linguistic development as a global

Core Modules

(Emphasis on Language, Not Research Design)

Module 1: Linguistic Precision in Scholarly Contexts (4 Weeks)

Advanced Grammar for Academia:

• Complex sentence structures (participle phrases, inversion, cleft sentences).
• Subjunctive mood, conditional perfection, modal nuances (e.g., may might in hypotheses).
• Articles (a/an/the) and prepositions in abstract/technical

Lexical Sophistication:

• Discipline-specific collocations (e.g., “mitigate risk,” “elucidate mechanisms”).
• Academic vocabulary beyond AWL (Coxhead’s Academic Word List).
• Connotation denotation (e.g., “persist” vs. “continue”).

Stylistic Precision:

• Eliminating redundancy and
• Using nominalizations effectively (without overcomplicating).
• Balancing passive/active voice for objectivity/clarity.

Module 2: Oral Fluency & Pronunciation Engineering (4 Weeks)

Phonetics for Academia:

• Mastering English stress-timed rhythm (vs. syllable-timed languages).
• Vowel/consonant distinctions critical for clarity (e.g., ship/sheep, think/sink).
• Intonation patterns for signaling emphasis, doubt, or

Spontaneous Discourse Skills:

• Formulating complex arguments extemporaneously (e.g., in seminars/Q&A).
• Hedging and softening critiques (“While X’s approach is innovative, Y suggests…”).
• Transition phrases for seamless academic

Accent Reduction & Intelligibility:

• Targeted practice for L1-specific interference (e.g., final consonant deletion, vowel merging).
• Using pauses and stress for rhetorical

Module 3: Pragmatics & Cultural Fluency (3 Weeks)

Academic Culture Codes:

• Directness indirectness in feedback (e.g., US/UK vs. East Asian norms).
• Email etiquette to professors/collaborators (formality, tone, response time).
• Navigating small talk and networking at

Implicit Communication:

• Interpreting sarcasm, understatement, and academic
• Recognizing non-verbal cues (eye contact, gestures) in

Bias & Inclusivity in Language:

• Avoiding linguistic imperialism (e.g., privileging Western-centric examples).
• Gender-neutral pronouns and inclusive

Module 4: Advanced Writing Mechanics & Genre Adaptation (3 Weeks)

Sentence-Level Mastery:

• Parallelism in complex lists and

• Using semicolons, colons, and dashes for sophisticated

Genre-Specific Adaptation:

• Translating ideas between abstracts, proposals, and chapters without altering
• Adjusting formality for emails, reports, and public

Self-Editing Strategies:

• Identifying L1-influenced errors (e.g., article misuse, tense shifts).
• Using tools like Grammarly critically (recognizing its limitations).

Pedagogy & Assessment

Teaching Methods:

Language Labs: Tech-assisted pronunciation training (e.g., Sanako, Praat). Discourse Analysis: Deconstructing native-speaker academic dialogue/videos. Role-Playing: Simulating conferences, committee meetings, and collaborations. Contrastive Analysis: Comparing English structures with students’ L1s.

Assessment (Language-Focused):

1. Linguistic Precision Portfolio (30%):
   • 5 revised writing samples targeting specific grammar/lexical
   • Annotated corpus analysis of discipline-specific

2. Oral Fluency Benchmark (30%):
   • Recorded academic presentation (evaluated on pronunciation, intonation, spontaneity).
   • Simulated Q&A session (assessing response speed and pragmatic appropriateness).

3. Cultural Competence Case Study (20%):
   • Analysis of a miscommunication scenario (e.g., email exchange, meeting interaction).
   • Proposed strategies for navigating similar

4. Fluency Journal (20%):
   • Weekly reflections on language challenges in real academic settings (seminars, lab meetings).
   • Self-set goals for linguistic

Resources

Texts:

• Academic Vocabulary in Use (McCarthy & O’Dell) –
• English Collocations in Use (Advanced) (McCarthy & O’Dell).
• Clear Speech (Gilbert) –
• They Say, I Say (Graff & Birkenstein) – Templates for academic

Digital Tools:

• Pronunciation: YouGlish, Speechling, ELSA
• Corpora: COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English), Sketch
• Writing: guru (sentence comparison), AntConc (concordance).

Authentic Materials:

• Podcasts: The Academic Minute, Lexicon Valley.
• Transcripts of university lectures (MIT OpenCourseWare, Coursera).
• Clips from academic conferences (TED Talks, university symposia).

Key Differentiators from Research Methodology Courses

Instructor Notes

• Avoid Content Overlap: Never assign tasks requiring research design, data analysis, or literature
• L1-Specific Support: Group students by language family (e.g., Sinitic, Slavic, Romance) for targeted

• Safe Environment: Normalize errors as learning opportunities (e.g., “pronunciation journals” without grading).
• Real-World Integration: Encourage students to bring actual writing/speaking challenges from their PhD

This syllabus empowers international PhD students to wield English with the precision, confidence, and cultural agility required to thrive in global academia—while leaving research skills to domain-specific coursework.

Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS Devices)

Table of Contents. Detailed Topic Title

Detailed Descriptions Introduction and Fundamentals of FACTS Covers the role of FACTS devices in improving system controllability, power transfer capability, and stability, with basic power electronics principles.

Shunt FACTS Devices: SVC and STATCOM Study of SVC and STATCOM for reactive power compensation, voltage regulation, and dynamic performance in modern power systems.

Series FACTS Devices: TCSC and SSSC TCSC and SSSC for series compensation, controlling power flow, oscillation damping, and enhancing system stability.

Unified Power Flow Controllers: UPFC and IPFC UPFC and IPFC combining shunt and series compensation. Focus on modeling, control strategies, and impact on voltage, current, and power flow.

Hybrid FACTS-HVDC Solutions Integration of FACTS with HVDC transmission for enhanced controllability, flexibility, and renewable integration.

Dynamic Modeling and Stability Enhancement: Dynamic behaviour of FACTS devices, damping oscillations, supporting transient and voltage stability.

Wide-Area Monitoring and AI-based FACTS Control Use of Phasor Measurement Unit PMU- based wide-area monitoring and AI algorithms for intelligent control, optimizing system stability and power flow.

References:

• Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS Devices) Hingorani, N. G., & Gyugyi, L., Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, IEEE Press – Wiley, 2021 (Reprint Edition), ISBN 978-0-471-13795-4.
• Mathur, R. M., & Varma, R. K., Thyristor-Based FACTS Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2020, ISBN 978-0-471-20643-8.

• Mohan, , Power Electronics: A First Course, Wiley, 2022, ISBN 978-1-118-14176-6.

Electric Smart Grid

Modelling and Control of Electrical Drives

1. Course Philosophy & Description

This is not a course on how to use drives; it is a course on how to advance them. We will deconstruct electrical drives to their fundamental principles, building high-fidelity models from the electromagnetic and thermodynamic physics up, and then synthesize advanced control algorithms that push the boundaries of performance, robustness, and efficiency. The course is structured around the core challenges in modern drive research: multi-physics interactions, parameter uncertainty, sensorless operation, and fault tolerance. Students will be expected to critically engage with the literature, develop and validate complex models, and contribute a novel research element through a semester-long project.

2. Learning Objectives

Upon successful completion, students will be able to:

1. Derive high-fidelity dynamic models of major AC machines (IM, PMSM, SynRM) from electromagnetic principles, incorporating non-idealities like saturation, losses, and
2. Formulate and solve advanced control problems for drives using modern paradigms such as Nonlinear, Robust, Adaptive, and Predictive Control.
3. Design and analyze state observers for sensorless control, understanding their stability and performance limits across the entire speed range.
4. Model and develop strategies for multi-physics phenomena, including electro-thermal- mechanical coupling and its impact on drive control and protection.
5. Critically evaluate research literature and identify open challenges in the
6. Conduct and communicate original research by proposing, executing, and defending a focused project.

3. Core Reference Materials

Foundational Texts:

• Krause, , Wasynczuk, O., Sudhoff, S., & Pekarek, S. (2013). Analysis of Electric Machinery and Drive Systems (3rd ed.). Wiley-IEEE Press.
• Vas, (1998). Sensorless Vector and Direct Torque Control. Oxford University Press.

Research Literature:

A curated and annotated list of seminal and state-of-the-art journal papers (primarily from IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications) will be provided for each module. This is the primary reading material.

4. Detailed 15-Week Schedule

Part I: Advanced Multi-Physics Modeling (Weeks 1-5)

• Week 1: Mathematical Foundations & Reference Frame Theory Revisited
• Topics: Complex Vector (Space Phasor) Calculus in stationary and rotating frames; Generalized Tensor-based modeling approach for unified theory.
• Assignment 1: Derivation of a unified machine model in arbitrary reference

·        Week 2: High-Fidelity Machine Modeling I – Synchronous Machines

• Topics: dq-model of PMSM and WRSM; Modeling of magnetic saturation (self & cross), hysteresis; Parameter variation with temperature and frequency; Inclusion of rotor damper circuits.
• Focus: Moving beyond constant-parameter

·        Week 3: High-Fidelity Machine Modeling II – Induction Machines

• Topics: dq-model of IM; Deep-bar and skin effect modeling (multiple-cage models); Stray load losses; Impact of magnetic saturation on leakage and magnetizing

·        Week 4: Modeling of Non-Idealities & The Actuation System

• Topics: Inverter dead-time, voltage drop, and switching delay modeling/compensation; Cable model and its impact on overvoltage; Bearing current models.
• Assignment 2: Develop a compensated inverter model and analyze its impact on low- speed current distortion.

·        Week 5: Electro-Thermal & Vibro-Acoustic Modeling

• Topics: Lumped-parameter and finite-element-based thermal modeling; Coupling electrical losses with thermal dynamics; Introduction to force and acoustic noise generation models.
• Milestone: Research Project Proposal

Part II: Advanced Control & Estimation Paradigms (Weeks 6-11)

• Week 6: Advanced Linear Control & Robust Frameworks
• Topics: Limitations of PI in synchronous frame; H-∞ and μ-synthesis for robust performance under parameter and load disturbances.

·        Week 7: Nonlinear Control I – Feedback Linearization

• Topics: Input-Output and Full-State Linearization applied to IM and PMSM models; Exact disturbance rejection.

·        Week 8: Nonlinear Control II – Sliding Mode Control

• Topics: Principles of SMC; Chattering analysis and mitigation (boundary layer, higher- order SMC); Application to speed and torque control.
• Assignment 3: Design and simulate a Super-Twisting SMC for a PMSM

·        Week 9: Model Predictive Control (MPC)

• Topics: Finite Control Set MPC (FCS-MPC) Continuous Control Set MPC (CCS- MPC); Cost function design for multi-objective optimization (e.g., losses, THD, switching frequency); Long-horizon prediction.

·        Week 10: State & Parameter Estimation I – Observer Theory

• Topics: Luenberger Observer, Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF); Stability and observability analysis for IM/PMSM.
• Milestone: Critical Literature Review

·        Week 11: State & Parameter Estimation II – Sensorless Control

• Topics: Low-speed/standstill operation; High-Frequency Signal Injection (rotating & pulsating); Saliency tracking and self-commissioning; Hybrid sensorless schemes.

Part III: Research Frontiers & Project Execution (Weeks 12-15)

• Week 12: Fault-Tolerant Drive Systems
• Topics: Modeling of open-circuit, short-circuit, and degradation faults; Fault Detection & Diagnosis (FDD) algorithms; Hardware and software redundancy; Post-fault remedial control strategies.

·        Week 13: Emerging Machine & Drive Topologies

• Topics: Multiphase (n>3) machine modeling and control; Dual-inverter fed open-end winding drives; Drives based on Wide Bandgap (WBG) semiconductors – new challenges and opportunities.

·        Week 14: Data-Driven & AI-Based Methods in Drives

• Topics: Deep Reinforcement Learning for adaptive control; Neural Networks for parameter estimation and fault diagnosis; Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for modeling. Critical discussion on verifiability and reliability.

·        Week 15: Final Project Presentations

• Activities: Conference-style presentations (20 min + 10 min Q&A). Peer feedback

5. Assessment Methodology

References:

1. Bimal Bose, Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives, Prentice Hall, 2002.

2. Krishnan, Electric Motor Drives: Modeling, Analysis, and Control, Prentice Hall, 2001.
3. Gopal Dubey, Fundamentals of Electrical Drives, Narosa Publishing, 2010.
4. Leonhard, Control of Electrical Drives, Springer, 2001.

.

Special machines.

The course on Special Electric Machines designed for a Ph.D. course( 15 weeks), with 3 hours per week, covering advanced machines like PMSMs used in wind turbines, DFIM and applications.

Course Outline Week 1-2: Introduction & Fundamentals

Outline of special electrical machines, containing traditional and non-traditional types. Assessment of basic philosophies, magnetic circuits, and typical uses.

Week 3-4: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs)

Structure, operation, and control of PMSMs, emphasizing interior and surface permanent magnet types.

High power density, efficiency, and applications in electric vehicles and wind turbines.

Week 5-6: PMSM in Renewable Energy & EVs

Detailed role in wind power generation focusing on design, control, and efficiency improvements.

Applications in industrial, electric vehicles, and high-speed operations. Case studies of PMSMs in practical applications.

DFIG for Wind Turbines

Week 7-8: Introduction to Wind Energy and Electrical Machines

Outline of renewable energy and wind power basics. Basic principles of induction machines.

Week 9-10: Fundamentals of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)

Construction and operation of DFIG.

Comparison of DFIG with squirrel cage induction machines (SCIM). Advantages and challenges of DFIG in wind turbine applications.

Week 10-11: Modeling of DFIG for Wind Turbines

Mathematical modeling of DFIG including mechanical, electrical, and aerodynamic aspects. Modeling of back-to-back power electronic converters (rotor-side and grid-side converters). Simulation of DFIG wind turbine systems.

Week 12-13: Control Strategies of DFIG Rotor-side converter (RSC) control techniques. Grid-side converter (GSC) control schemes.

Week 14-15: Advanced Control and Performance Enhancement of DFIG

Vector control, field-oriented control, and MPPT. Advanced control techniques.

References

• Jacek Gieras, Permanent Magnet Motor design and Technology design and applications, CRC press, 2013
• Edgar Sanchez , Doubly Fed Induction Generators: Control for Wind Energy (Automation and Control Engineering), CRC press, 2020

Research Methodologies

Course Description

This course introduces the fundamental concepts, principles, and methods used in scientific and engineering research. Students will learn how to identify research problems, formulate hypotheses, design experiments, analyze data, and present research findings in a professional manner with advanced tools. Emphasis is placed on research ethics, technical writing, and project proposal development.

References:

1. R. Kothari & G. Garg, Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, New Age International, 2019.
2. John Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, Sage, 2023.
3. Ranjit Kumar, Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners, Sage,
4. IEEE and APA Referencing Guides (latest editions).

Power System Economic & Optimization

Table of Contents. Detailed Topic Titles

Detailed Descriptions Energy Management Systems (EMS) and SCADA Architecture, real-time monitoring, control, and decision support for operators.

State Estimation and Contingency Analysis Techniques for Accurate System State Estimation and Contingency Planning.

Economic Dispatch, Unit Commitment, and Security-Constrained OPF Optimization for cost-effective generation scheduling under security constraints.

In modern power systems, maintaining frequency and voltage stability has become increasingly complex due to the high penetration of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. Unlike conventional synchronous generators, renewables connected through power electronic converters contribute little or no rotational inertia. This reduction in inertia weakens the grid’s ability to resist sudden disturbances, such as load fluctuations or generation losses, making frequency and voltage more prone to instability.

1. Primary Control (Inertia and Droop Control): Primary frequency control is the immediate response to a disturbance. In conventional systems, synchronous machines provide kinetic energy (inertia) to resist frequency deviations. With renewables, synthetic or “virtual inertia” is implemented through fast power electronic control. Droop control strategies are also used in both synchronous and inverter-based resources to share load changes proportionally among
2. Secondary Control (Automatic Generation Control – AGC): Secondary control operates on a slower timescale (tens of seconds to minutes) and aims to restore the system frequency to its nominal value (e.g., 50 or 60 Hz) after a This involves central or distributed AGC schemes, coordinating multiple generators and  storage  systems.  With  renewables,  secondary  control

increasingly leverages battery energy storage systems (BESS), demand response, and flexible loads to compensate for variable generation.

3. Tertiary Control (Economic Dispatch and Reserve Scheduling): Tertiary control is the long-term adjustment of generation and reserves (minutes to hours). It ensures cost-effective operation while maintaining sufficient reserve capacity for contingencies. In renewable-dominated grids, tertiary control must incorporate weather forecasts, renewable availability, and dynamic market mechanisms to allocate spinning and non-spinning reserves efficiently.
4. Voltage Control: Voltage stability is equally important, especially in grids with high renewable penetration. Traditional reactive power support from synchronous machines is being replaced by STATCOMs, SVCs, and inverter- based reactive power control. Advanced grid codes now require renewable plants to provide voltage support (so-called “grid-forming inverters”) to maintain voltage within safe operational limits.

Demand Response and Transactive Energy Markets: Load management and market- based approaches for supply-demand balance.

Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection, and Control using PMUs: Use of synchrophasors for situational awareness, protection, and control.

Cybersecurity in Control Centers: Threats, attacks, and defense strategies for control systems.

AI and Machine Learning for Predictive and Real-Time Control Forecasting, anomaly detection, and real-time operational optimization.

Fig.1 Voltage-Frequency Control Strategies with RE integration

References

• Power System Operation and Control Wood, J., Wollenberg, B. F., & Sheblé,

6. B., Power Generation, Operation, and Control, 4th Edition, Wiley, 2020, ISBN 978-1-119-42708-6.

• Kothari, D. P., & Nagrath, I. J., Modern Power System Analysis, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2022, ISBN 978-1-266-91309-7.
• Kundur, , & Paserba, J. J., Power System Stability and Control – Revised Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2022, ISBN 978-1-266-91225-0.

Power System Reliability and Planning

Table of Contents. Detailed Topic Title

Detailed Descriptions Reliability Concepts: Failure Rates, Repair Rates, and Availability Failure rates, repair rates, mean time between failures (MTBF), mean time to repair (MTTR), and availability indices.

Reliability Modelling of Generation, Transmission, and Distribution Systems: Modelling generation, transmission, and distribution reliability using block diagrams, Markov models, and simulation techniques.

Probabilistic Load Flow and Reliability Evaluation: Assessing system reliability under uncertainties in load and generation.

Planning of Generation Expansion and Transmission Networks Optimization methods considering reliability, cost, environmental constraints, and system growth.

Contingency Analysis and N-1/N-2 Security Assessment: N-1 and N-2 security assessment, planning corrective and preventive actions.

Renewable Integration and Reliability Implications: Reliability impact of intermittent renewable sources, risk assessment, and mitigation strategies.

Reliability Standards, Indices, and Regulatory Requirements: International/national standards, performance indices (System Average Interruption Duration Index, SAIDI, System Average Interruption Frequency Index, SAIFI), and regulatory requirements.

Advanced Tools and Software for Reliability and Planning Studies. Modern software for reliability analysis, probabilistic studies, and planning simulations.

References:

• Power System Reliability and Planning Billinton, , & Allan, R. N., Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems, 3rd Edition, Springer, 2022, ISBN 978-3-030-96329-4.
• Wang, , Goel, L., & Billinton, R., Reliability Assessment of Power Systems with Renewables, Springer, 2021, ISBN 978-981-33-6366-3.
• Singh, C., & Mitra, J., Reliability and Risk Evaluation of Electric Power Systems, Springer, 2020, ISBN 978-3-030-34522-9.

Intelligent Control systems

Course Description

This course introduces intelligent (soft-computing-based) control techniques that emulate human reasoning, learning, and adaptation in control systems. It covers intelligent techniques: fuzzy logic control, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and hybrid intelligent systems for modern automation and robotics applications.

Course Objectives:

The main objective of this course is to:

• Provide a general introduction to intelligent
• Provide examples of rule-based control
• Describe design requirements of intelligent
• Study a range of methodologies for specifying and designing intelligent
• Understand control methodologies developed using soft computing tools such as fuzzy logic, neural nets and GAs.

• Describe and apply systems engineering methods and techniques in the design and analysis of intelligent control systems for mechatronics applications.
• The course will involve several design

References:

1. M. Passino and S. Yurkovich, Fuzzy Control, Addison-Wesley, 1998.
2. L. Lewis, S. Jagannathan, and A. Yesildirak, Neural Network Control of Robot Manipulators and Nonlinear Systems, CRC Press, 1999.
3. Kevin Warwick, An Introduction to Control Systems, World Scientific,
4. Driankov, H. Hellendoorn, and M. Reinfrank, An Introduction to Fuzzy Control, Springer, 2001.
5. Simon Haykin, Neural Networks and Learning Machines, Pearson, 3rd Edition, 2009.

Renewable Energy

Course Description

This doctoral-level course explores advanced principles, modeling, and integration of renewable energy sources into modern power systems. Emphasis is on system dynamics, control, optimization, and research-oriented methodologies for high renewable penetration scenarios.

.Evaluation Methods

• Research Paper & Presentation
• Simulation Project
• Written Exam
• Seminar & Discussion

Recommended Tools and Software

MATLAB/Simulink, HOMER Pro, DIgSILENT PowerFactory, Python (TensorFlow, Scikit-learn), RETScreen Expert, OpenDSS.

References

1. Boyle, (Ed.). (2012). Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future. Oxford University Press.

2. Masters, M. (2013). Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems. John Wiley & Sons.

3. Ackermann, (Ed.). (2012). Wind Power in Power Systems. John Wiley & Sons.
4. Smart Grids and Microgrids: Technology Evolution – Prajof, S. Mohan Krishna, Umashankar Subramaniam, J. L. Febin Daya, P. V. Brijesh – Wiley-Scrivener – 2022
5. Design of Smart Power Grid Renewable Energy Systems – Ali Keyhani – Wiley – 2019

6. Smart Grid: Fundamentals of Design and Analysis – James Momoh – Wiley – 2012